CHD is caused by plaque build up in the wall of the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits.¹ It narrows the arteries and decreases the blood flow to heart.

MI is a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, results in irreversible damage to the heart muscle due to a lack of oxygen.¹

Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs.
Angina usually causes uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest.¹

Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve damage that is caused by diabetes. Over time, high blood glucose levels, also called as blood sugar, and high levels of fats, such as triglycerides, in the blood from diabetes can damage nerves. Different types of nerve damage cause different symptoms. Symptoms can range from pain and numbness of feet to problems with the functions of internal organs, such as heart and bladder.¹

A coronary artery stent is a small, metal mesh tube that expands inside a coronary artery. A stent is often placed during or immediately after angioplasty which is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart, in cases such as a heart attack.The stent helps prevent the artery from closing up again. A drug-eluting stent has medicine embedded in it that helps prevent the artery from closing in the long term.¹

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. The higher your blood pressure levels, the more risk you have for other health problems, such as heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. A normal blood pressure level is less than 120/80 mmHg. A person is diagnosed with hypertension if their blood pressure is consistently 140/90 mm Hg or higher.^1,2

Dyslipidemia, one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, leads to lipid deposits on the arterial wall, thereby aggravating the process of atherosclerosis.¹

The characteristic features of diabetic dyslipidemia are²:

• A high plasma triglyceride level
• A low HDL cholesterol level
• Slightly elevated levels of small dense LDL-cholesterol particles

Atorvastatin is used together with diet to lower lipids (fats) known as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood in patients with various types of hypercholesterolaemia (high blood cholesterol levels). It is also used for the prevention of a first cardiovascular event (such as a heart attack) in patients considered to be at high risk.
The usual starting dose is 10 mg once a day. Adjustment of dose should be made at intervals of 4 weeks or more. The maximum dose is 80 mg once a day.
Atorvastatin is available in the EU under the following trade names: Atorvastatin, Atorvastatina Nostrum, Atorvastatina Parke-Davis, Atorvastatina Pharmacia, Cardyl, Edovin, Lipitor, Liprimar, Orbeos, Prevencor, Sortis, Tahor, Texzor, Torvast, Totalip, Xarator and Zarator

Enalapril is a highly specific, competitive inhibitor of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE), belonging to the category of ACE inhibitors. The beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors appear to result primarily from the suppression of the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
It is used for treatment of hypertension, treatment of symptomatic heart failure and prevention of symptomatic heart failure in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%).
In the treatment of hypertension, the initial dose is 5 to maximally 20 mg once daily, depending on the degree of hypertension and the condition of the patient.
Enalapril is available in the EU under the following trade names: Converten, Crinoren, Enaloc, Enapren, Innovace, Mepril, Naprilene, Pres, Presitan, Racen, Renitec, Xanef and Vitobel

Metformin is a biguanide with antihyperglycaemic effects, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose.
It is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults, particularly in overweight patients, when dietary management and exercise alone does not result in adequate glucose control.
The usual starting dose is one tablet 2 or 3 times daily given during or after meals. After 10 to 15 days the dose should be adjusted on the basis of blood glucose measurements. The maximum recommended dose is 3 g daily.
Metformin is available in the EU under the following trade names (as a monotherapy): Dianben, Glucophage and Risidon

Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that works by making cells (fat, muscle and liver) more sensitive to insulin, which means that the body makes better use of the insulin it produces. It is indicated as second- or third-line treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Pioglitazone treatment may be initiated at 15 mg or 30 mg once daily. The dose may be increased in increments up to 45 mg once daily.
It is available in the EU under the following trade name (as a monotherapy): Actos

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. It works by blocking the breakdown of ‘incretin’ hormones in the body. By increasing levels of incretin hormones in the blood, sitagliptin stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin when blood glucose levels are high.
It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes and the recommended dose is 100 mg once daily.
It is available in the EU under the following trade name (as a monotherapy): Januvia

Pregabalin is thought to affect the way that calcium enters nerve cells. This reduces the activity of some of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the release of other neurotransmitters that are involved in pain, epilepsy and anxiety.
It is used to treat adults with the following conditions: neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage), epilepsy and generalised anxiety disorder (long-term anxiety or nervousness about everyday matters). The recommended starting dose of is 150 mg per day, divided into two or three doses. After three to seven days, the dose can be increased to 300 mg per day. Doses can be increased up to twice more until the most effective dose is reached. The maximum dose is 600 mg per day.

BMI is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.¹

A high BMI can indicate high body fatness.